Copper Development Association (CDA) UK 1933-2019

Introduction

COPPER DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION was a non-trading organisation sponsored by the copper producers and fabricators to encourage the use of copper and copper alloys and to promote their correct and efficient application. Its services, which included the provision of technical advice and information, were available to those interested in the utilisation of copper in all its aspects. The Association also provided a link between research and the user industries and maintained close contact with other copper development organisations throughout the world. To promote the cost-effective use of copper and copper alloys, in 1933 the leading producers of copper collaborated with the majority of industrial fabricators and processers to create an Association for the proper support and development of the markets. Mostly the producers were members of the London Metal Exchange and they provided the majority of the finance. Many members of the British Non-Ferrous Federation (BNFMF) and the Association of Bronze and Brass Founders (ABBF) subscribed and at one time there were about 600 members of the Copper Development Association (CDA) in the UK.

CDA Aims

1. To encourage and promote the efficient application of copper and copper alloys in all forms.
2. To provide a link between research and its industrial applications, including both commercial organisations and the general public.
3. To disseminate technical information and provide an advisory service on all matters concerning the use of copper and its alloys.

Efforts were aimed at benefiting many industrial sectors such as the electrical industry, brass components for all industries, building and construction uses such as plumbing and roofing, chemical and biological usage and marine environments. With the reduction in the number of fabricators and reorganisations within the producers, increasing efficient international cooperation became vital. The offices of CDA UK were closed in 2003 and the work taken over by the Copper Alliance of the International Copper Association (ICA). The International Copper Association (ICA) has been working on behalf of the copper industry for more than 60 years, beginning in 1959 with its predecessor organization, the International Copper Research Association (INCRA). Copper’s capacity for health and healing was discovered by ancient civilizations. As modern science continues to shed light on the relationship between copper and health, copper is playing a greater role in healthcare, being antimicrobial and an essential trace element. Pure copper has the best electrical and thermal conductivity of any commercial metal. Over half of the copper produced is used in electrical and electronic applications. There are also more than 400 copper alloys, each with a unique combination of properties to suit many applications, manufacturing processes and environments. These include, amongst others, the brasses, bearing bronzes, aluminium bronzes, nickel-silvers and copper-nickel alloys.

Headquarters

1933 -1939	Thames House, Millbank, London S W 1
1939 – 1943	9 Bilton Road, Rugby, Warwickshire (wartime temporary)
1943 – 1947	Grand Buildings, Trafalgar Square, London, W C 2
1947 – 1956	Kendals Hall Radlett, Hertfordshire
1956 – 1964	South Audley Street, London. W1
1964 – 1990	Orchard House, Mutton Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3AP
1990 – 2000	Verulam Industrial Estate, 224 London Road, St Albans, Hertfordshire AL1 1AQ
2000 – 2003	Unit 5, Grovelands Business Centre, Boundary Way, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP2 7TE

Directors

1940s, 1950s	Dr E (Ted) G West, OBE, recognised for his wartime work for the Ministry of Supply
1960s	Dr E (Ernie) Carr
1970s – 1987	Morgan H. Davies
1987 – 1994	Eur-Ing Alan K. Woolaston
1995 – 1999	Eur-Ing Vin Callcut, awarded The Institute of Materials ‘Sir Ronald Prain’ Medal in 1999 in recognition of his services to the copper industry
1999 – 2003	Angela Vessey, also Director European Green and Healthy Buildings Programme European Copper Institute & European Programme Manager Antimicrobial Copper

Council

The finances of CDA were controlled by a small Council formed from principal members.

Industry Committees

The technical work was guided by industry committees formed to promote applications and conduct projects for applications such as: electrical energy efficiency, best practice plumbing and roofing, brass applications and seawater systems.

Qualified Technical Staff

Latterly these included: Martyn Stamford, Richard Dawson, Dr Geoff Greetham, Dr Agnes Segal, Nick Hay, Ken Kempson, Carol Powell & Lou Brown. Specialist consultants were also used for some of the projects.

Cooperation

CIDEC Data Sheets (International Copper Development Council, (Conseil International pour le Développment du Cuivre, Geneva ) cooperative work agreeing typical compositions and properties of coppers and copper alloys in extensive detail. ICIBulletin – a quarterly summary of abstracts of papers published world-wide. CIPEC (Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries) including initially Chile, Peru, Zaire and Zambia plus Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Yugoslavia. 1967 – 1988. BSI – CDA helped to represent copper interests on about 30 committees of the British Standards Institution and hence the ISO (International) and CEN (European) standards. British Non-Ferrous Research Association

Achievements

Each year the annual report detailed the progress made including the results of publications written or revised, exhibitions attended, cooperation with government and industry sectors and special promotional programmes.

Copper Ankh

Pre-dynastic Egyptians knew copper very well and in hieroglyphs copper was represented by the ankh symbol which was also used to denote eternal life. This early appreciation of the lifetime cost-effectiveness of copper and its alloys made it the obvious choice for the corporate logo for many years. However, confusion with other meanings was avoided when its use was discontinued in 2000.

Publications

To provide the best information service for users of copper and copper alloys for all types of applications, CDA published an extensive number of publications. Initially they were mostly hard backed octavo books of about A5 size. They were updated with successive editions as technology developed. Later, the A4 format was adopted, and the soft cover booklets were called ‘Technical Notes’ which replaced some of the earlier books. There were also Information Sheets dealing with specific application examples. After 1992, the variety of publications was then simplified by sequential numbering. Most were not given ISBN registration (International Standard Book Number). Miscellaneous publications included conference proceedings and reprints of published papers. Latterly, publications were also made available in data disk format, as educational information sheets and as wallcharts. CDA publications have been listed compiled from available literature and the index of the British Library. None are now available new from CDA but may be found second hand or at The British Library reading room at St Pancras, London. More recent publications emphasise environmental considerations and are published by the European Copper Institute.

List of Publications

No.	Title	Date	Notes
BK1	Introduction to copper	1958	revised and renamed 121 ‘Copper – the Vital Metal’
BK2	Copper in Farming	1971	A V Coombs
1	Introductory leaflet	1933
2	Copper tubing	1933
3	Copper through the ages	1934	12 th impression 1955, 1962
4	Copper steels to resist corrosion	1934
5	Copper sheet work for building: a practical handbook	1934	revised 1935, 1936,1941
6	Brasses – properties and applications	1935	also ‘Brasses and other copper-zinc alloys’ (CDA Engineers note book series) 18 reprints. See also TN24 and publication 85
7	The behaviour of Copper on Exposure to the Elements	1934
8	The use of copper for domiestic water services	1935
9	Copper sheet work for buildings: a practical handbook	1935
10	Steel-cored copper conductors	1935
11	Cadmium-copper conductors	1935
12	Copper data 1935	1935	Reprinted several times
15	Bearing bronzes	1935	18 reprints, see TN9
16	Brass, bronze and other copper alloy wire products	1936	reprints 1953, 1965
17	Cadmium-copper conductors – erection charts	1935	Data sheets for transmission line engineers
18	Copper for architecture in Sweden and Denmark	1935
19	Methods of joining copper pipe	1935	Reprint of RIBA Journal article
20	Copper developments – a review of recent work	1935	Reprinted from ‘Metallurgia’
	Copper alloys in engineering: their adaption to modern requirements	1939
	The use of copper for domestic water service	1938
22	Copper for busbars (purposes)	1935	Updated 1956,1984,1996. Revised 2014 as ‘Copper for busbars: guidance for design and installation’
23	Copper in chemical plant	1936	reprints in 1945, 1947, 1956
24	High Tensile Strength Brasses or “Manganese Bronzes” – A Metalurgical Review of Their Properties and Uses	1936	H J Miller
25	Copper pipeline services in buildings	1938	reprints 1944, 1948, 1952, 1957, 1963, 1966
26	Copper and brass pressings and other products cold formed from strip and sheet	1937	reprints 1951, 1954, 1958, 1962, 1965
28	Copper and its alloys in automotive design	1937	D C Neave
29	Copper in cast steel and iron	1937	1948, 1950, 1959, 1961
30	Copper for Earthing	1938	reprinted 1959, 1960
31	The Aluminium Bronzes	1938	H J Miller. revised 1951, 1954, 1960, 1966. See also 222.
33	Lead bronze bearings	1939
34	Machining Copper and its alloys	1939	1950, 1952, 1953, see TN34
36	Classification of Copper and copper alloys – composition and mechanical properties	1942	revised 1958, 1962, 1964
37	Mechanical loading tables for overhead line conductors	1942	revised 1959
38	Copper alloy resistance materials	1943	revised 1950, 1953, 1959
39	Copper and Copper alloy springs	1944	revised 1959, 1962
40	Copper underground, its resistance to soil corrosion	1947	1954, 1958
41	Copper compounds in agriculture and microbiology	1948	revised 1957, 1958
42	Copper flashings and weatherings: a practical handbook	1947	1949, 1956, 1957
43	Copper and its alloys in engineering and technology	1948	1953, 1956, 1960, 1964
44	Equilibrium diagrams of binary copper alloys	1963	see also 64
45	Copper conductors for overhead lines	1944	G W Preston & H G Taylor. 1949, 1955, 1967. Paper Read Before The Institution Of Electrical Engineers, 12Th April, 1944,
46	Copper – its ores mining and extraction	1951	1952, 1959
47	The welding brazing and soldering of copper and its alloys	1952	revised 1956, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1965, also see 98.
48	Copper in instrumentation	1953	revised 1955, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1964
49	Thermal properties of copper and copper pipes	1953	G W Preston
50	The strength of copper tubes and cylinders	1955	revised 1958, 1964, 1967
51	High conductivity copper alloys: Cadmium Copper, Chromium Copper, Silver Copper, Tellurium Copper	1956	revised 1959, 1964, 1968
52	Introduction to copper	1957	R Webster Smith, reprinted several times 1958, 1959, 1988
53	Economy Copper Roofing	1957	revised 1958
54	Beryllium copper	1958	E Voce. revised 1964
55	Copper tubes for small-bore heating installations	1959	revised 1959, 1988
56	Copper cables	1959	Revised 1960, 1961
57	Copper roofing: a practical handbook	1958	Revised 1981
58	Hot nrass pressings and forgings in copper and copper alloys	1959	Revised 1981
59	Extruded copper and copper alloy rods, bars and sections	1961	Reprint 1967
60	Copper for radiant heating	1961
61	Copper-bearing steels for structural purposes	1961
62	Copper and copper alloy plating	1962	R Pinner 1964, 1967
63	Architectural metalwork in copper and copper alloys	1963
64	Copper and copper aloys – microstructures and equilibrium diagrams	1963	see also 44
65	Copper in cast iron	1964	J.G. Oearce; K. Bromage
66	Copper and brass sheet metal work -introductory notes for students	1965
67	Surface treatments for copper and copper alloys – Introductory notes for students	1966
68	This is copper and the copper family	1965
69	Sixty centuries of copper	1965	Bertie Webster Smith
70	Copper and copper alloy masonry fixings	1965	D Toner
71	The nickel silvers	1965
72	Copper in iron castings	1966
73	Experiments with copper for schools (Book1)	1969
76	Copper alloy casting design 1970 88 Revised 1991 replaced by TN42 Adhesion of solder to electroplated printed circuit boards	1972	J Breen et al.
77	Copper alloys for offshore and process plant structures	1975
78	Copper-nickel alloys, non fouling materials for fish farming	1981
79	Guidance notes for welding aluminium bronze	1980
80	Aluminium bronze corrosion resistance guide	1981
81	Designing aluminium bronze castings	1983
82	Aluminium bronze alloys – technical data	1981	Reprint of CIDEC data sheets
83	Aluminium bronze alloys for industry	1986
84	Design in Brass	1986
85	Welding of aluminium bronze	1988
86	Aluminium bronze – essential for industry	1989
88	Copper tube in buildings	1991
89	Architectural brass	1991
90	Low voltage lighting: a brief guide	1991
91	Energy efficient cables – optimum sizing of power cables for lowest cost (using BS 7450)	1991	Revised 1994
92	Electrical energy efficiency	1992	Revised 1996
93	Copper in roofing – pocket book	1992
94	Copper alloy equilibrium diagrams	1992
95	Low voltage lighting: a brief guide	1992
96	Copper in human health	1992
97	Design for Production	1994
98	Cost-effective manufacturing: joining of copper and copper alloys	1994	Update on TN25
99	Conductor sizing for energy efficiency	1994
100	Cost-effective maufacturing: brass beats steel	1994
101	Recycing of copper	1994
103	Cost-effective manufacturing: Hot stampings in copper alloys	1994	Replaces TN18
104	Copper-beryllium health and safety notes	1994
105	Copper and copper alloys – designations and equivalents	1994	BS, CEN, ISO & ASTM designations. See 120 of 1998.
107	Fire sprinkler systems: life and property protection	1994
108	A short guide to common power quality problems and solutions	1995
109	Harmonics are bad for business	1995
110	Earthing in the modern office	1995
111	Common power quality problems and best practice solutions	1995	Revised 1997
112	Isolating problem loads	1995
113	Preventing biofouling with copper alloys	1995	Carol Powell
114	Copper in Solar heating – an introduction	1986
115	Corrosion resistance of aluminium bronzes vs stainless steel	1996
116	Electrical energy efficiency	1997	Vin Callcut, David Chapman
117	Brasses – design compendium	1996	Also as ‘The Brasses – properties and applications’
118	90/10 copper-nickel for corrosion resistance and anti-biofouling properties	1996
119	Earthing practice	1997	Trevor Charlton
120	Copper and copper alloys: compositions, applications and properties	1998	Revised 2004 with beige cover
121	Copper- the vital metal	1988
122	High conductivity coppers for electrical engineering	1998	Vin Callcut and John Westlake. revision of TN29. Revised 2015
123	Electrical design – a good practice guide	1997
124	Copper for domestic natural gas installations. Design and installation	1997
125	Copper fire sprinkling systems for residential and domestic properties: design and installation	1997	Revised 2007
126	Resistance to wear of aluminium bronzes	1998
127	Aluminium bronzes – reference literature	1998
128	An introduction to the fabrication and welding of copper-nickel	1998
129	The biofoulig resistance of copper-nickel – properties and applications	1998
130	Comparison of National standards (ASTM, DIN. BS EN, old BS) for copper alloy compositions	1998
132	Sixth Copper roofing competition	1998
133	Design in brass	1998
138	Is there a struggle for power in your house?
139	Copper-nickel welding and fabrication	1998	revised 2013, 2014
140	Electrical convenience in new build homes survey report (builders)	2000
141	Electrical convenience in new build homes survey report (contractors)	2000
142	Section 607 in residential installations. Technical note	2000
143	The copper in architecture awards 7
144	Harmonics, transformers and K-factors	2000
145	Harmonics in practice	2000
149	Large diameter copper tubes: for industrial and commercial heating applications	2001
154	Guide to copper in architecture	2006
155	Copper in architecture: comparing costs	2003
156	Copper in architecture – copper roofing in detail	2002
157	Preventing biofouling with copper-nickel	2002
173	Electric motor efficiency	2003
176	Energy efficient motor driven systems	2004
180	Copper touch surfaces in healthcare facilities – naturally antimicrobial	2005
182	Naturally antimicrobial alloys for touch surfaces	2005
196	Reducing the risk of healthcare associated infections. The role of antimicrobial copper touch surfaces	2014
198	The benefits of designing with antimicrobial copper alloys. A new approach to hygienic design	2013
206	Copper alloys for marine environments	2011	Carol Powell and Peter Webster
	Antimicrobial copper: introducing a new category of antimicrobial touch surface material	2011
211	Antimicrobial copper touch surfaces: Cu+ product directory	2013
212	Guide to nickel aluminium bronze for engineers	2016
213	Antimicrobial copper alloy touch surfaces. Guidance on cleaning and disinfection	2013
214	Antimicrobial copper alloys. Guidance on selection	2013
	Copper – a tool for tackling antimicrobial resistance	2017
	Antimicrobial copper in guidlines and ratings schemes: infection control, green and ealthy buildings	2014
220	Antimicrobial copper: a specifier’s guide. Upgrading, specifying and sourcing approved products	2014
222	Guide to nickel aluminium bronze for engineers	2016
223	Copper in electrical contacts	2015
225	Copper alloys in seawater : avoidance of corrosion.	2016	Roger Francis
501.1.1	Power quality application guide 1: introduction (version 2)	2002
501.2.1	Power quality application guide 1: harmonics – true RMS (version 2)	2002
501.3.1	Power quality application guide 1: harmonics – causes and effects (version 2)	2002
501.3.1	Power quality application guide 1: harmonics – causes and effects (version 2)	2002
501.3.2.2	Power quality application guide 1: harmonics – true RMS (version 2)	2002
501.3.3.3	Power quality application guide 1: harmonics – active harmonic conditioners (version 2)	2002
21:05.1	Power quality application guide 1: voltage disturbances – introduction (version 2)	2002
501:5.2.1	Power quality application guide 1: voltage disturbances – predictive maintenance (version 2)	2002
501:5.3.2	Power quality application guide 1: voltage disturbances – voltage dip mitigation (version 2)	2002
22:01.2	Power quality application guide 2: introduction – power quality self assessment guide	2002
22:04.1	Power quality application guide 2: resilience, reliability and redundancy	2002
502:5.1.3	Power quality application guide 2: voltage disturbances – introduction to unbalance	2002
22:06.1	Power quality application guide 2: earthing and EMC – systems approach to earthing	2002
801	Flame-free systems	2001
805	Comparison of copper and steel pipework costs for non-domestic installations	2002

No.	Title	Date	Remarks
TN1	The use of smaller diameter copper tubes for central heating installations.	1970
TN2	Gas shielded arc welding of copper and copper alloys	1970
TN3	Machining Copper and Its Alloys 1970 20 Revised	1970	1992 as TN44
TN4	Brazing of copper and copper alloys
TN9	Copper Alloy Bearing Materials	1971	Revised 1989, replaced by TN45
TN10	Copper and Copper Alloys, Compositions and Properties	1971	Revised 1986 and then 1998 as Publication 120
TN11	Uses of Copper Compounds	1972
TN12	Copper and Copper Alloy Spring Materials	1972
TN14	Copper Alloys in Refrigeration	1972
TN15	Water flow resistance through copper tubes and fittings	1972
TN17	Long strip copper roofing TN18 Hot Stampings in Copper Alloys		Replaced by 103 in 1994
TN19	The use of smaller diameter copper tubes for ‘Mini-Bore’ central Heating installations
TN20	Copper Data TN21 Copper and copper alloy fixings for buildings
TN22	Design and installation guide for copper water services in buildings
TN23	Copper in Electrical contacts	1977
TN24	The Brasses – properties and applications	1980	Revised 1988
TN25	Joining of copper and copper alloys	1980	Revised 1994 as publication No98
TN26	The Brasses – technical data	1980	Reprint of CIDEC data sheets
TN27	High conductivity coppers – technical data	1981	Reprint of CIDEC data sheets
TN28	Copper alloy engineering tubes	1983
TN29	High conductivity coppers, properties and applications	1983	Revised 1997 as publication 122.
TN30	Copper-nickel alloys, properties and applications	1983
TN31	Copper-nickel 90/10 and 70/30 alloys – technical data	1983	Reprint of CIDEC data sheets
TN32	Copper in roofing: design and installation	1985
TN33	Copper tube in domestic water services	1988	Revised 1989,1991
TN34	Copper and human health	1987
TN35	Copper in plant, animal and human nutrition	1987	Shorrocks, V.M. and Alloway, B.J
TN36	Use of copper-nickel cladding on ships and boat hulls	1985	Hans Pircher
TN37	Copper-nickel cladding for offshore structures	1987
TN38	Materials for seawater pipeline systems	1987
TN39	Copper in domestic heating systems	1988
TN40	Copper alloys in refrigeration	1987
TN41	Clear surface finishes on copper and copper alloys	1991
TN42	Copper and copper alloy castings	1991
TN43	Large diameter copper tubes for industrial and commercial heating applications	1992
TN44	Cost effective manufacturing – machining brass, copper and copper alloys	1992
TN45	Cost effective manufacturing – copper alloy bearings	1992
TN47	Copper in heat pumps	1989
TN48	Copper gutterings and flashings	1989

No.	Title	Date	Remarks
AV3	Brass	c1990
AV4	Design in Brass	c1990
AV5	Aluminum Bronzes for Industry	c1990
AV6	Design in Aluminium Bronze	c1990
AV7	Copper the Vital Metal	c1990
AV8	The Copper Connection	c1990	see TN29
AV9	Copper in Roofing	c1990
AV10	Residential sprinkler systems	1992

No.	Title	Date	Remarks
CD1	Megabytes on Copper & Copper Alloys	1994	publications on DVD
CD2	Megabytes on Copper & Copper Alloys II	1998	75 publications and 6 data programs. Update on 1994 edition. Software by Granta Design (Ansys Granta). Produced in Windows 7. Discs normally 3 1/2″ ; 5 1/4″ available. 1998 numbering.
D1	Copper and copper alloys	1991	Based on TN10
D2	Copper-nickel alloys and aluminium bronzes	1992
D3	Copper alloy castings – design and applications	1992
D4	Cost-effective manufacturing – process selection	1992
D5	The brasses – properties and availability	1993
D6	Copper busbar design guide	1995
D7	Brasses for cost-effective manufacturing	1994
D8	Cost-effective manufacturing – guide to machining copper and copper alloys	1994
D9	Component costing comparison	1998
D10	Energy efficient power cable selection	1998
D11	Energy efficient busbar design	1998
D12	Design in Brass	2001

Notes

No comprehensive list has previuously been published. This listing has been compiled from several sources. A few items have not been traced